Under what condition may the Owner contact a Subcontractor directly?

The correct choice highlights a situation where the Owner may need to ensure that Subcontractors are receiving payments for their work. When a Contractor does not provide proof of payment to Subcontractors, it raises significant concerns regarding financial transactions on the project and potential liabilities. In this scenario, the Owner is justified in contacting Subcontractors directly to verify the status of payments and ensure that their contractual obligations are being fulfilled. This step is crucial for protecting the Owner's interests and avoiding a situation where unpaid Subcontractors might file liens or stop work, thus jeopardizing the project's progress.

This necessity arises from the Owner's responsibility to ensure the contractor is managing the project effectively and fulfilling payment obligations to all parties involved. Open communication with Subcontractors in this context can help avoid legal complications and maintain project momentum.