During which phase of a project is complete and final pricing typically established?

Complete and final pricing for a project is typically established during the Construction Documents phase. This phase involves the creation of detailed drawings and specifications that provide all the necessary information for constructing the project. These documents not only communicate the design intent but also contain precise information about materials, assemblies, and systems, allowing contractors to prepare accurate bids.

At this stage, the architect works closely with engineers and consultants to finalize designs, which helps ensure that all aspects of the project are accounted for. The detailed nature of the Construction Documents allows for the establishment of a comprehensive bill of quantities and assists in obtaining competitive bids from contractors. Therefore, the comprehensive nature of this phase makes it the most appropriate time for determining final pricing, as it reflects the most accurate and complete picture of what will be built.

In contrast, the Design Development phase is focused on refining the design and establishing more detailed direction for the project but does not yet provide the complete information required for final pricing. The Schematic Design phase is primarily concerned with broad concepts and overall layout rather than specifics. Lastly, the Programming phase is about establishing the needs and goals of the project, setting the foundation for later phases, but does not address pricing at all.